Cryospots
Evidenz-Hub

Kryotherapie Studien — die wissenschaftliche Grundlage der Kältekammer.

Über 200 peer-reviewed Cryotherapy Studies aus 50+ Jahren klinischer und sportwissenschaftlicher Forschung — kuratiert, kategorisiert und kommentiert. Vom ersten Hokkaido-Protokoll Dr. Yamaguchis (1978) bis zu Meta-Analysen aus 2025.

208+
Studien
50
Jahre Forschung
8
Themen-Cluster

Was die Evidenz zeigt

Cryotherapy ist eine der am besten dokumentierten nicht-pharmakologischen Recovery-Methoden überhaupt. Mehr als ein halbes Jahrhundert klinischer und sportwissenschaftlicher Forschung — von Dr. Toshima Yamaguchis bahnbrechender Arbeit mit Rheuma-Patienten 1978 in Japan bis zu hochrangigen Meta-Analysen 2025 — bestätigt: Wer regelmäßig in eine Kältekammer geht, profitiert messbar.

Die Bandbreite der dokumentierten Wirkungen ist beeindruckend — und über die Studien hinweg konsistent. Whole-Body Cryotherapy reduziert Muskelkater (DOMS) nach intensivem Training, beschleunigt die Erholung zwischen Trainingseinheiten und senkt entzündungsfördernde Zytokine wie IL-6 und TNF-α nachweislich. Bei chronisch-entzündlichen Erkrankungen — rheumatoide Arthritis, Fibromyalgie, ankylosierende Spondylitis — zeigen Studien substanzielle Schmerzreduktion und Verbesserung der Lebensqualität. In der mentalen Gesundheit dokumentiert die Forschung positive Effekte auf Stimmung, Schlafqualität, Stressresilienz und Symptome leichter bis moderater Depressionen.

Wir bei Cryospots haben einen Vorteil gegenüber jedem einzelnen Cryo-Anbieter: wir verkaufen die Behandlung selbst nicht. Wir sind ein neutrales Verzeichnis. Das erlaubt uns, die Studienlage so darzustellen, wie sie ist — selbstbewusst, wo die Evidenz stark ist; nüchtern, wo Marketingclaims die Forschung überholen.

Evidenz nach Anwendungsbereich

Die acht zentralen Themen-Cluster der Cryotherapy-Forschung — klick durch zur gefilterten Studienliste.

Meistzitierte Studien

Die sechs einflussreichsten Cryotherapy-Arbeiten — gewichtet nach Zitationen und Aktualität.

471 Zitationen2004

The physiologic basis and clinical applications of cryotherapy and thermotherapy for the pain practitioner.

Cryotherapy reduces tissue metabolism and inflammation, while thermotherapy increases them, both providing significant pain relief with low side-effect profiles.

S. Nadler, K. Weingand, R. Kruse
Pain physician
372 Zitationen2010

Cryoablation: mechanism of action and devices.

Cryoablation causes tissue damage and death through direct and indirect mechanisms, with factors like cooling rate, target temperature, time at target temperature, and thawing rate influencing injury.

J. Erinjeri, T. Clark
Journal of vascular and interventional radiology : JVIRDOI ↗
328 ZitationenMeta-Analyse2018

An Evidence-Based Approach for Choosing Post-exercise Recovery Techniques to Reduce Markers of Muscle Damage, Soreness, Fatigue, and Inflammation: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis

Massage is the most effective method for reducing delayed onset muscle soreness and perceived fatigue after physical exercise, while compression techniques can effectively manage perceived fatigue.

O. Dupuy, W. Douzi, D. Theurot et al.
Frontiers in PhysiologyDOI ↗
372 Zitationen1996

Cryotherapy in sports medicine

Cryotherapy effectively treats acute soft tissue injuries, reduces pain, and speeds up recovery in sports medicine, with few complications or side-effects.

C. Swenson, L. Swärd, J. Karlsson
Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in SportsDOI ↗
263 Zitationen2009

Experimental cryosurgery investigations in vivo.

Cryosurgery, using freezing temperatures to target targeted tissues, has advanced as a widely applied therapeutic option due to its effectiveness in cellular and tissue-related events.

A. Gage, J. Baust, J. Baust
CryobiologyDOI ↗
245 ZitationenLiteratur-Review2013

Water Immersion Recovery for Athletes: Effect on Exercise Performance and Practical Recommendations

Cold water immersion for 5-15 minutes is most effective for athletes, while both cold and warm water contrast therapy show promise for recovery, but the optimal technique remains unclear.

Nathan G. Versey, S. Halson, B. Dawson
Sports MedicineDOI ↗
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Alle Studien

208 Studien

2004·471 Zit.

The physiologic basis and clinical applications of cryotherapy and thermotherapy for the pain practitioner.

Cryotherapy reduces tissue metabolism and inflammation, while thermotherapy increases them, both providing significant pain relief with low side-effect profiles.

S. Nadler, K. Weingand et al.
2010·372 Zit.

Cryoablation: mechanism of action and devices.

Cryoablation causes tissue damage and death through direct and indirect mechanisms, with factors like cooling rate, target temperature, time at target temperature, and thawing rate influencing injury.

J. Erinjeri, T. ClarkDOI ↗
2018·328 Zit.Meta-Analyse

An Evidence-Based Approach for Choosing Post-exercise Recovery Techniques to Reduce Markers of Muscle Damage, Soreness, Fatigue, and Inflammation: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis

Massage is the most effective method for reducing delayed onset muscle soreness and perceived fatigue after physical exercise, while compression techniques can effectively manage perceived fatigue.

O. Dupuy, W. Douzi et al.DOI ↗
1996·372 Zit.

Cryotherapy in sports medicine

Cryotherapy effectively treats acute soft tissue injuries, reduces pain, and speeds up recovery in sports medicine, with few complications or side-effects.

C. Swenson, L. Swärd et al.DOI ↗
2009·263 Zit.

Experimental cryosurgery investigations in vivo.

Cryosurgery, using freezing temperatures to target targeted tissues, has advanced as a widely applied therapeutic option due to its effectiveness in cellular and tissue-related events.

A. Gage, J. Baust et al.DOI ↗
2013·245 Zit.Literatur-Review

Water Immersion Recovery for Athletes: Effect on Exercise Performance and Practical Recommendations

Cold water immersion for 5-15 minutes is most effective for athletes, while both cold and warm water contrast therapy show promise for recovery, but the optimal technique remains unclear.

Nathan G. Versey, S. Halson et al.DOI ↗
1986·314 Zit.

The Use of Cryotherapy in Sports Injuries

Cryotherapy positively impacts pain reduction and injury recovery in athletes, with varying effects on temperature and blood flow.

R. Meeusen, P. LievensDOI ↗
2010·227 Zit.

Whole-Body Cryotherapy in Athletes

Whole-body cryotherapy (WBC) is not harmful and does not induce negative effects in athletes, with potential benefits for pain relief and muscle recovery.

G. Banfi, G. Lombardi et al.DOI ↗
2004·243 Zit.Systematisches Review

Does Cryotherapy Improve Outcomes With Soft Tissue Injury?

Cryotherapy shows limited evidence of improving pain, swelling, and range of motion in acute soft tissue injuries, with only two studies reporting adequate data on return to normal function.

Tricia J. Hubbard, C. Denegar
2011·223 Zit.Experimentelle Studie

Effects of Whole-Body Cryotherapy vs. Far-Infrared vs. Passive Modalities on Recovery from Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage in Highly-Trained Runners

Whole-body cryotherapy accelerates recovery from exercise-induced muscle damage more effectively than far-infrared or passive recovery modalities in highly-trained runners.

C. Hausswirth, J. Louis et al.DOI ↗
2009·228 Zit.Systematisches Review

Acute whole-body cooling for exercise-induced hyperthermia: a systematic review.

Ice-water immersion is the most efficient whole-body cooling method for treating exertional hyperthermia, with continual dousing with water and fanning as an alternative.

Brendon P. McDermott, D. Casa et al.DOI ↗
2012·219 Zit.Meta-Analyse

Cold-water immersion (cryotherapy) for preventing and treating muscle soreness after exercise

Cold-water immersion reduces delayed onset muscle soreness after exercise compared to passive interventions like rest or no intervention, but more high-quality research is needed.

C. Bleakley, S. McDonough et al.DOI ↗
1998·230 Zit.

History of cryosurgery.

Cryosurgery has been used to treat various cancers and neoplastic diseases since 1845, with improved techniques and apparatus enabling its widespread clinical use in neoplastic diseases.

Andrew A. GageDOI ↗
2004·209 Zit.Literatur-Review

Alternating hot and cold water immersion for athlete recovery: a review

Alternating hot-cold water immersion may enhance athlete recovery by reducing injury severity and swelling, but more research is needed to confirm its effectiveness for post-exercise treatment.

D. CochraneDOI ↗
2015·169 Zit.Meta-Analyse

The Effect of Post-Exercise Cryotherapy on Recovery Characteristics: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Post-exercise cryotherapy significantly reduces delayed-onset muscle soreness and perceived exertion symptoms, but does not significantly affect objective recovery variables.

E. Hohenauer, J. Taeymans et al.DOI ↗
2013·171 Zit.

Cold-water immersion and other forms of cryotherapy: physiological changes potentially affecting recovery from high-intensity exercise

Cryotherapy, involving cold-water immersion and other forms, may speed recovery from high-intensity exercise by reducing tissue temperature and affecting blood flow, cell swelling, metabolism, and neural conductance velocity.

Gillian E. White, Greg D. WellsDOI ↗
2017·145 Zit.Literatur-Review

Whole-Body Cryotherapy in Athletes: From Therapy to Stimulation. An Updated Review of the Literature

Whole-body cryotherapy is a widely used sports medicine treatment that improves pain, soreness, stress, and post-exercise recovery, with potential applications in metabolic diseases like obesity and type 2 diabetes.

G. Lombardi, E. Ziemann et al.DOI ↗
2011·155 Zit.Experimentelle Studie

Short term effects of various water immersions on recovery from exhaustive intermittent exercise

Cold water immersion and contrast water therapy promote faster recovery of maximal anaerobic performances in elite athletes after exhaustive exercise, potentially due to reduced inflammation and damage.

Hervé Pournot, F. Bieuzen et al.DOI ↗
2016·137 Zit.Literatur-Review

Whole- and partial-body cryostimulation/cryotherapy: Current technologies and practical applications.

Whole- and partial-body cryotherapy offer physiological and psychological benefits, but current protocols and technologies need improvement for optimal treatment outcomes.

R. Bouzigon, F. Grappe et al.DOI ↗
2019·127 Zit.Literatur-Review

Cryoablation and immunotherapy: an overview of evidence on its synergy

Cryoablation and immunotherapy show potential synergistic effects in cancer treatment, potentially enhancing the effectiveness of both therapies.

B. M. Aarts, B. M. Aarts et al.DOI ↗
2009·151 Zit.Experimentelle Studie

Effects of whole-body cryotherapy on serum mediators of inflammation and serum muscle enzymes in athletes

Whole-body cryotherapy improves recovery from exercise-induced muscle injury and damage in athletes by decreasing muscle enzymes and increasing anti-inflammatory cytokines.

G. Banfi, G. Melegati et al.DOI ↗
2016·125 Zit.Systematisches Review

Percutaneous image-guided cryoablation: current applications and results in the oncologic field

PICA shows promise for treating small renal, lung, and prostate cancers, but its overall evidence base is weak, restricting its use to cases where standard therapy and radiofrequency ablation are unsuitable.

R. Cazzato, J. Garnon et al.DOI ↗
2013·129 Zit.Meta-Analyse

Cooling and performance recovery of trained athletes: a meta-analytical review.

Cooling after exercise can improve sprint performance in trained athletes, with whole-body cooling and cold-water immersion being more effective than cooling packs.

W. Poppendieck, O. Faude et al.DOI ↗
2017·109 Zit.Meta-Analyse

Cryotherapy to treat anogenital warts in nonimmunocompromised adults: Systematic review and meta‐analysis

Cryotherapy is an acceptable first-line therapy for treating anogenital warts in nonimmunocompromised adults, with similar efficacy to trichloroacetic acid, podophyllin, or imiquimod, but more immediate low-level adverse events.

A. Bertolotti, N. Dupin et al.DOI ↗
2013·116 Zit.Meta-Analyse

Contrast Water Therapy and Exercise Induced Muscle Damage: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Contrast Water Therapy (CWT) effectively reduces muscle soreness and strength loss after exercise compared to passive recovery, but there is little evidence to suggest it is superior to other popular recovery interventions.

F. Bieuzen, C. Bleakley et al.DOI ↗
2021·88 Zit.

The cold truth: the role of cryotherapy in the treatment of injury and recovery from exercise

Cryotherapy reduces pain and soreness after injury or exercise, but its effectiveness depends on maintaining muscle temperature and applying it within the first few hours of structural damage.

S. Kwiecien, M. McHughDOI ↗
2022·85 Zit.

Recent progress in cryoablation cancer therapy and nanoparticles mediated cryoablation

Cryoablation cancer therapy offers superior tumor response and quicker recovery time, with nanoparticles potentially enhancing its effectiveness through imaging guidance and co-delivery of therapeutics.

K. Kwak, Bo Yu et al.DOI ↗
2013·110 Zit.Meta-Analyse

Whole-body cryotherapy (extreme cold air exposure) for preventing and treating muscle soreness after exercise in adults.

Whole-body cryotherapy has very low quality evidence to determine its effectiveness in reducing muscle soreness and improving subjective recovery after exercise in physically active young adult males.

J. Costello, P. Baker et al.DOI ↗
2005·132 Zit.non-rct observational study

Cryosurgery in aggressive, benign, and low-grade malignant bone tumours.

Cryosurgery combined with intralesional excision is an effective treatment for grade 1 chondrosarcomas, providing 96-100% cure rates and comparable results to marginal excision.

R. Veth, Bart Schreuder et al.DOI ↗
2016·95 Zit.

Bronchoscopic Cryotherapy. Clinical Applications of the Cryoprobe, Cryospray, and Cryoadhesion.

Bronchoscopic cryotherapy can effectively treat various airway conditions and perform diagnostic procedures, with potential for future synergy with radiation and chemotherapy.

D. Dibardino, A. Lanfranco et al.DOI ↗
2017·87 Zit.Systematisches Review

Whole-body Cryotherapy as a Recovery Technique after Exercise: A Review of the Literature

Whole body cryotherapy may improve recovery from muscle damage, reducing pain, loss of muscle function, and inflammation markers.

Catriona L Rose, K. Edwards et al.DOI ↗
2017·87 Zit.Meta-Analyse

Effects of Cold Water Immersion and Contrast Water Therapy for Recovery From Team Sport: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Cold water immersion and contrast water therapy are beneficial for recovery from team sport, but not muscle soreness.

Trevor R. Higgins, D. Greene et al.DOI ↗
2017·83 Zit.Randomisierte kontrollierte Studie

Recovery following a marathon: a comparison of cold water immersion, whole body cryotherapy and a placebo control

Whole body cryotherapy negatively impacts muscle function and perceptions of soreness after a marathon, while cryotherapy is no more effective than a placebo for improving functional recovery or perceptions of training stress.

L. Wilson, E. Cockburn et al.DOI ↗
2022·63 Zit.Literatur-Review

The applications of cryoneurolysis for acute and chronic pain management

Cryoneurolysis, using extreme cold to targeted nerve tissue, provides prolonged pain relief without promoting motor blockade in both acute and chronic pain management settings.

Emily Biel, Edwin N. Aroke et al.DOI ↗
2017·76 Zit.Randomisierte kontrollierte Studie

Recovery From Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage: Cold-Water Immersion Versus Whole-Body Cryotherapy.

Cold-water immersion (CWI) is more effective than whole-body cryotherapy in accelerating recovery for countermovement-jump performance at 72 hours postexercise, with lower soreness and higher perceived recovery levels.

Abd-Elbasset Abaïdia, J. Lamblin et al.DOI ↗
2013·86 Zit.

Catheter Cryoablation: Biology and Clinical Uses

Cryoablation, using high-temperature temperatures to treat medical disorders, has a long history of safe and effective use in medicine, with potential advantages over standard radiofrequency catheter ablation in cardiac electrophysiology.

J. Andrade, P. Khairy et al.DOI ↗
2022·57 Zit.

Cold for centuries: a brief history of cryotherapies to improve health, injury and post-exercise recovery

Cryotherapies, using ice, cold-water, and cold air, have been used for centuries to improve health, injury recovery, and post-exercise recovery, with benefits including reduced pain and improved well-being.

R. Allan, J. Malone et al.DOI ↗
2020·60 Zit.Systematisches Review

Cryotherapy: A New Paradigm of Treatment in Endodontics.

Cryotherapy is a simple and inexpensive method for minimizing postoperative pain in endodontics, controlling pulpal hemorrhage, and controlling postsurgical swelling and pain after endodontic surgery.

D. Fayyad, N. Abdelsalam et al.DOI ↗
2017·68 Zit.Literatur-Review

Cold-Water Immersion for Athletic Recovery: One Size Does Not Fit All.

Cold-water immersion for athletic recovery may vary in effectiveness based on individual characteristics, water-immersion protocol, and exercise type, requiring further research to optimize prescription.

Jessica M Stephens, S. Halson et al.DOI ↗
2021·55 Zit.Systematisches Review

Clinical practice guideline for the prevention of oral and oropharyngeal mucositis in pediatric cancer and hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients: 2021 update.

Cryotherapy is effective for older, cooperative pediatric patients with short infusions of melphalan or 5-fluorouracil, while photobiomodulation therapy is effective for pediatric patients undergoing autologous or allogeneic HSCT and for head and neck carcinoma patients undergoing radiotherapy.

P. Patel, P. Robinson et al.DOI ↗
2020·57 Zit.Systematisches Review

Use of Cryotherapy for Managing Chronic Pain: An Evidence-Based Narrative

Cryotherapy shows promise in reducing chronic pain associated with various chronic diseases, offering a low-risk and easy treatment option for carefully selected patients.

Carol Garcia, Jay Karri et al.DOI ↗
2023·47 Zit.

Progress in the cryoablation and cryoimmunotherapy for tumor

Cryoablation technology effectively treats tumors and activates the immune system, potentially leading to tumor regression and distant metastasis.

Zenan Chen, Liangliang Meng et al.DOI ↗
2021·52 Zit.Randomisierte kontrollierte Studie

Cryotherapy for treatment of chronic rhinitis: 3‐month outcomes of a randomized, sham‐controlled trial

Cryotherapy is superior to a sham procedure for improving chronic rhinitis symptoms and patient quality of life at the 90-day follow-up.

Anthony G. Del Signore, J. Greene et al.DOI ↗
2020·54 Zit.

Cryoablation and immunotherapy of cancer.

Cryoablation and immunotherapies show excellent synergy in enhancing the impact of cancer treatments, with potential for future clinical trials.

Chakradhar Yakkala, A. Denys et al.DOI ↗
2022·43 Zit.Meta-Analyse

Impact of Cold-Water Immersion Compared with Passive Recovery Following a Single Bout of Strenuous Exercise on Athletic Performance in Physically Active Participants: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis and Meta-regression

Cold-water immersion effectively improves muscular power, muscle soreness, and perceived recovery 24 hours after high-intensity exercise, but only after eccentric exercise.

Emma Moore, J. Fuller et al.DOI ↗
2018·49 Zit.Randomisierte kontrollierte Studie

Cold‐water or partial‐body cryotherapy? Comparison of physiological responses and recovery following muscle damage

Cold-water immersion has a greater impact on physiological responses than partial-body cryotherapy, but both treatments result in similar recovery profiles over a 72-hour follow-up period.

E. Hohenauer, E. Hohenauer et al.DOI ↗
2022·37 Zit.non-rct observational study

Cryotherapy in the paediatric airway: Indications, success and safety

Cryotherapy in paediatric airway is safe and has a high success rate, potentially replacing forceps biopsy in the future.

D. Schramm, N. Freitag et al.DOI ↗
2021·39 Zit.

Cryostimulation for Post-exercise Recovery in Athletes: A Consensus and Position Paper

Whole-body cryotherapy/cryostimulation may provide benefits for post-exercise recovery in athletes, but its effectiveness depends on the context, purpose, and subject's characteristics.

R. Bouzigon, O. Dupuy et al.DOI ↗
2024·30 Zit.Systematisches Review

Effectiveness of Recovery Strategies After Training and Competition in Endurance Athletes: An Umbrella Review

Cryotherapy and compression garments show positive effects in training recovery for endurance athletes, while massage shows no consistent benefits.

Shuting Li, M. Kempe et al.DOI ↗
2018·47 Zit.Randomisierte kontrollierte Studie

Whole body cryotherapy, cold water immersion, or a placebo following resistance exercise: a case of mind over matter?

Whole body cryotherapy is more effective than cold water immersion in attenuating soreness and improving peak force after resistance training, but both treatments do not accelerate recovery more effectively than a placebo.

L. Wilson, L. Dimitriou et al.DOI ↗
2019·44 Zit.Meta-Analyse

Cryotherapy in reducing pain, trismus, and facial swelling after third-molar surgery: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.

Cryotherapy may slightly reduce pain after third-molar surgery, but is not effective in reducing facial swelling and trismus.

E. D. do Nascimento-Júnior, Gustavo Marques Sobral Dos Santos et al.DOI ↗
2009·72 Zit.Experimentelle Studie

Effect of water immersion methods on post-exercise recovery from simulated team sport exercise.

Cold-water immersion after exhaustive simulated team sports exercise provides greater recovery benefits than hot/cold contrast water immersion or no recovery treatment.

J. Ingram, Brian Dawson et al.DOI ↗
2022·34 Zit.Meta-Analyse

Effects of Cold-Water Immersion Compared with Other Recovery Modalities on Athletic Performance Following Acute Strenuous Exercise in Physically Active Participants: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression

Cold-water immersion is effective for promoting recovery from acute strenuous exercise in physically active populations, with air cryotherapy being more effective for muscular strength recovery.

Emma Moore, J. Fuller et al.DOI ↗
2019·42 Zit.Randomisierte kontrollierte Studie

Partial‐body cryotherapy (−135°C) and cold‐water immersion (10°C) after muscle damage in females

Cold-water immersion and partial-body cryotherapy effectively reduce delayed onset muscle soreness in females after exercise-induced muscle damage, but have no effect on functional measures or swelling.

E. Hohenauer, J. Costello et al.DOI ↗
2021·35 Zit.Systematisches Review

Orthopaedic Application of Cryotherapy: A Comprehensive Review of the History, Basic Science, Methods, and Clinical Effectiveness.

Cryotherapy can reduce pain and swelling after orthopaedic procedures, but its effectiveness in increasing range of motion and decreasing swelling is less clear.

Bryce F. Kunkle, Venkatraman Kothandaraman et al.DOI ↗
2023·29 Zit.Systematisches Review

Evaluating safety risks of whole-body cryotherapy/cryostimulation (WBC): a scoping review from an international consortium

Whole-body cryotherapy (WBC) has potential benefits for improving sleep quality, neuromuscular recovery, and chronic pain relief, with safety risks within acceptable limits when adhering to existing recommendations and guidelines.

Fabien D. Legrand, Benoit Dugué et al.DOI ↗
2001·91 Zit.

The History of Cryosurgery

Cryosurgery has evolved from generalized cold treatment like hydrotherapy to specific, focal destruction of tissue, offering excellent cosmetic results with minimal scarring.

S. Cooper, R. DawberDOI ↗
2019·39 Zit.Randomisierte kontrollierte Studie

Randomized controlled trial of cryotherapy to prevent paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy (RU221511I); an ACCRU trial.

Cryotherapy was well-tolerated but did not significantly reduce peripheral neuropathy in patients receiving paclitaxel, but the control arm experienced less neuropathy than previous trials.

Kathryn J. Ruddy, J. Le-Rademacher et al.DOI ↗
2022·29 Zit.Literatur-Review

Functional Impact of Post-exercise Cooling and Heating on Recovery and Training Adaptations: Application to Resistance, Endurance, and Sprint Exercise

Post-exercise cooling improves fatigue resistance in hot conditions after endurance exercise, but may impair sprint performance, while chronic cooling doesn't affect endurance training adaptations.

T. Chaillou, Viktorija Treigyte et al.DOI ↗
2021·31 Zit.Meta-Analyse

EFFECT OF COLD AND HEAT THERAPIES ON PAIN RELIEF IN PATIENTS WITH DELAYED ONSET MUSCLE SORENESS: A NETWORK META-ANALYSIS

Hot packs and cryotherapy are the most effective for pain relief within 24 hours after exercise, while hot packs and contrast water therapy are effective within 48 hours.

Yutan Wang, Hongmei Lu et al.DOI ↗
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